{"id":4693,"date":"2020-01-02T16:42:50","date_gmt":"2020-01-02T09:42:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.asiapropertyawards.com\/?p=4693"},"modified":"2023-06-16T17:22:39","modified_gmt":"2023-06-16T10:22:39","slug":"macau-the-spectacle-casino-resort-roof-design","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.asiapropertyawards.com\/en\/macau-the-spectacle-casino-resort-roof-design\/","title":{"rendered":"The Spectacle by MGM Cotai: a record-breaking feat in architecture and design"},"content":{"rendered":"

Macau adds another capstone to its long list of world records and hono<\/span><\/span>rifics with The Spectacle,\u00a0<\/span><\/span>casino resort\u00a0<\/span><\/span>MGM\u00a0<\/span>Cotai\u2019s<\/span> tech-savvy, landscaped atrium space<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
The futuristic architecture of the new MGM Cotai is sure to make the casino resort a landmark in Macau for years to come<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Macau has never been a stranger to superlatives.<\/p>\n

The second richest territory on earth is the Las Vegas of Asia, but with three times the American city\u2019s gambling revenue.<\/p>\n

The one-time Portuguese territory is also linked to Hong Kong and the Chinese city of Zhuhai by the world\u2019s longest bridge over water, which opened in October. It birthed the world\u2019s first fusion cuisine and holds the highest commercial bungee jump facility on earth.<\/p>\n

In January 2019, the Guinness World Records proclaimed the self-supporting, free-span grid shell glazed roof over The Spectacle\u2014a USD37 million atrium space at casino resort MGM Cotai\u2014as the world\u2019s largest. It is the latest in a long line of firsts and superlatives at the USD3.4 billion property opened by MGM China Holdings Limited property last year.<\/p>\n

This is neither MGM China\u2019s first rodeo with the world record database\u2014nor its first lion dance. MGM Cotai\u2019s sister property, MGM Grand Macau (China), had snatched the Guinness twice for The
\nWinston, a MOP94,880 (USD11,777) cocktail, and a 113.3-kilogram dancing lion.<\/p>\n

\"\"
The Spectacle is a standout in its own right, unintentionally breaking records<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201cWhen we conceptualise about MGM Cotai, we want to make it a new \u2018go-to\u2019 attraction for Macau, to create something more innovative, bigger, and more appealing,\u201d says Grant Bowie, the company\u2019s chief executive officer and executive director.<\/p>\n

Siu Yin Wai & Associates Limited (Hong Kong), the structural engineer behind The Spectacle, helped to apply for the Guinness record. The certification came as a surprise to Shawn Duffy, principal at New York-headquartered architecture firm Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates (KPF), which worked with British design firm Arup on the structural concept and geometry of The Spectacle. \u201cWe had no idea how big it was compared to anything else. It was a complete after-the-fact sort of thing,\u201d recalls Duffy. \u201cIt was a nice sort of bonus, but it wasn\u2019t our goal at all.\u201d<\/p>\n

MGM China roped KPF in as early as 2011 to work on The Spectacle, located on their property at the Avenida da Nave Desportiva in the reclaimed Cotai Strip off the Macau peninsula. \u201cFrom the very beginning, MGM said, \u2018We really want to have no columns.\u2019 Is that all possible? That\u2019s what led to this design of the shell structure,\u201d reveals Duffy.<\/p>\n

A traditional roof structure would not have worked for the designers. The beauty of the shell structure is that the structure itself is extremely\u00a0<\/span><\/span>thin<\/span><\/span>\u00a0and<\/span><\/span>\u00a0is\u00a0<\/span>actually\u00a0<\/span><\/span>what<\/span> supports the roof glass. It\u2019s the only one system that is doing everything<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The upshot was a diagrid glass canopy undulating 8,073.1 square metres or 30 tennis courts above MGM Cotai\u2019s atrium space. It was, as Pansy Ho, co-chairperson at MGM China Holdings Limited described, a \u201cseemingly impossible architectural feat.\u201d<\/p>\n

The diagrid shell structure is both an ode to great rooftops around the world, such as the Great Court at the British Museum, and a practical decision: any other structure would have needed either lots of columns or height.<\/p>\n

\u201cA traditional roof structure would not have worked for the designers,\u201d explains Duffy. “It has trusses running across, and then you have to put another layer of structure on top of that to create the roof. You get two layers, and it starts to get really thick. If we went with a traditional structure of trusses, it would start to look very odd because the trusses would be all different lengths.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe beauty of the shell structure is that the structure itself is extremely thin, and is actually what supports the roof glass. It\u2019s the only one system that is doing everything.\u201d<\/p>\n

The highest point of The Spectacle is 29.5 metres above the floor, by KPF estimates. Arup generated the 3D geometry of the steel diagrid shell using dynamic relaxation software and an iterative sizing algorithm, minimising the weight of the components like the high-performing laminated glass, steel I-beams, and structural members.<\/p>\n

\"\"
The management at MGM Cotai say that the intention is to make it a \u201cgo-to\u201d attraction in Macau through its innovative design and grand scale<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201cA roof like this needs to be as light as possible,\u201d says Duffy. “The software and iterative algorithms were able to go back and resize all the elements so that they were the optimum size. If you look closely, every node or piece of the roof is different. It is only as big as it needs to be.”<\/p>\n

Triangular pieces of glass, each weighing 600 kilograms and with the exact same dimensions, are slotted into these nodes by workers from above. Each rest on three points that are different in space for every node. The free-forming triangulated steel canopy comprises around 1,600 of these nodes, all welded together to form a grid shell.<\/p>\n

All that load from the glass was intentional, according to Duffy. \u201cIt was designed so that once the glass was installed, the roof would settle down into the actual ideal position it needed to be in. When they build the structure, you can imagine it was higher than it needed to be.\u201d<\/p>\n

Scaffolding had to be built directly below each and every node, so one could imagine a \u201cforest\u201d of temporary structures during construction, Duffy recalls. \u201cWorkers had to be very accurate to like almost a millimetre to build the little platform in space for each one of these 1,600 nodes and then place the structure on top of one of each of these nodes and start to weld it all together.\u201d<\/p>\n

More: A leading Singapore architect shares his designs for life<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

From the rooms at MGM Cotai, the roof appears to flow and just lie over the podium arch. \u201cSome of those lower hotel rooms get this amazing landscape like frozen ocean waves, which is a nice and different thing to see,\u201d says Duffy.<\/p>\n

Those very waves allow The Spectacle canopy to stand on its own sans columns. Miraculously, the roof structure is supported only along its perimeter; on its east end, the roof abruptly drops vertically such that it becomes a fa\u00e7ade. Compression rings give the roof its characteristic undulations, adding scale to the interiors.<\/p>\n

\u201cIf you took the ring away, the roof would just completely flatten,” says Duffy. \u201cWithout the undulations, it wouldn\u2019t be able to stand without a column. We broke the structure down into domes that rise up three times and drop down.\u201d<\/p>\n

The software and iterative sizing algorithm also ensured the roof\u2019s resilience to typhoon winds for which Hong Kong and Macau are infamous. The canopy is able to resist the suction a typhoon creates to pull the roof up or push it in one direction or another.<\/p>\n

By day, the roof serves as a larger-than-life skylight. Because of the concave nature of the roof, designers ensured the glass was not too reflective.<\/p>\n

\"\"
One of the key features of MGM Cotai is its impressive 2000-capacity theatre with its giant 900-square metre 4K led screen<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

After dark, the spectacle begins.<\/p>\n

The space has arguably the world\u2019s largest area of indoor LED screens, some of which camouflage into the walls to look like stone or wood panelling. They then transform into painterly scenes of mountains and rivers.<\/p>\n

A digital art attraction, Timeslice, captures and manipulates images such that people can be the subject of the art. Another innovation, You Are Art, lets people \u201cbecome part of the content\u201d as they move through space, Bowie notes. By no means, a Guinness record but MGM Cotai is currently home to more than 300 pieces of contemporary art. It holds one of Macau\u2019s largest permanent art collections, including pieces by Xue Song, Liu Dan, Wang Jieyin, Ung Si Meng, Eric Fok, Chris Wood, and Chloe Ho.<\/p>\n

LED lights, incorporated into the nodes, obviate the need to suspend massive lighting fixtures and illumine the atrium in a variety of colour patterns. Uplights are also located around the roof at low levels such that they can \u201cchange\u201d the shell colour. \u201cThe only thing that\u2019s really up there are the sprinklers,\u201d Duffy says.<\/p>\n

The idea from the get-go has always been to connect occupants of The Spectacle to nature via a \u201cbiophilic design approach,\u201d says Ho. The Spectacle is host to an indoor vertical garden made of 100,000 plants across 2,000 species of flora.<\/p>\n

\"\"
Striking adornments such as digital artworks abound at MGM Cotai, but for many visitors, the main visual focal point is the stunning roof at the spectacle<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Jutting 35 floors above The Spectacle, the MGM Cotai hotel building is a cosmic Rorschach test. One can picture it as eight colossal boxes stacked on top of another, eight being a lucky number.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe wanted people who saw the building from the outside to sort of see their own thing in the design rather than making something that looked exactly like we were hoping,\u201d says Duffy. \u201cMaybe somebody would look at it and see a mountain and another can look at it and see stacked jewel boxes.”<\/p>\n

For Duffy, nothing compares to that first impression. MGM Cotai opened in February 2018 and went on to win a score of prizes, including the much-vaunted Asia Property Awards. \u201cFrom the very beginning, the client wanted to make sure that when you get out of your car, it was an experience like nothing else,” he says. “To me, that is still my favourite part: when you pull up, get out, and lookup. I love that view of looking up at the towers and these boxes. That\u2019s still my favourite thing.\u201d<\/p>\n

This article originally appeared in\u00a0Issue No. 155<\/a>\u00a0of\u00a0PropertyGuru Property Report Magazine<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The spectacular roof at The Spectacle, MGM Cotai\u2019s atrium space, is a significant feather in Macau\u2019s design cap<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":20420,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[541,97],"tags":[299,643,607,172],"class_list":["post-4693","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-design-focus","category-magazine","tag-architecture","tag-casino-resort","tag-design","tag-macau","news_country-hk-macau","news_author-al-gerard-de-la-cruz"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe Spectacle by MGM Cotai: a record-breaking feat in architecture and design | Asia Property Awards<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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